Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Essay - 1723 Words
1 Week 4 Learning Team Exercises Rashonna Web and Crystal McQueen ACC/543 Sandria Stephenson December 7, 2014 2 26.1)Mechanics Lien. Ironwood Exploration, Inc. (Ironwood) owned a lease on oil and gas property located in Duchesne County, Utah. Ironwood contracted to have Lantz Drilling and Exploration Company, Inc. (Lantz), drill an oil well on the property. Therafter, Lantz rented equipment from Graco Fishing and Rental Tools, Inc. (Graco), for use in drilling the well. Graco billed Lantz for these rentals, but Lantz did not pay. Graco filed a notice of mechanics lien on the well in the amount of $19,766. Ironwood, which had paid Lantz, refused to pay Graco. Graco sued to forclose on its†¦show more content†¦Juras, who at the time lived in California, still refused to pay these amounts. Subsequently, a vice president of Aman, Mr. Gloss, telephoned Juras twice in California before 8:00 A.M. Pacific Standard Time. Gloss told Juras that if he did not pay the debt, he would not receive a college transcript. Juras sued Aman, claiming that the telephone calls violated the Fair Debt C ollection Practices Act. Gloss testified at trial that he made the calls before 8:00 A.M. because he had forgotten the difference in time zones between California and Aman’s offices in South Dakota. Who wins? Juras v. Aman Collection Services, Inc., 829 F.2d 739, Web 1987 U.S. App. Lexis 12888 (United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit) 27.1)Financing Statement CH Trucking, Inc. (CH), borrowed $19,747.56 from SD Petroleum Company, Inc. (SD). SD hired Clifton M. Tamsett to prepare a security agreement naming CH as the debtor and giving SD a security interest in a new Mack truck. The security agreement prepared by Tamsett declared that the collateral also secured: any other indebtedness or liability of the debtor to the secured party direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, due or to become due, now existing or hereafter arising, including all future advances or loans which may be made at the option of the secured party. Tamsett failed to file a financing statement or the executed agreement with the appropriateShow MoreRelatedHrm 326 Employee Development Complete from Week 1 to 5728 Words  | 3 PagesComplete from Week 1 to 5 Purchase here http://homeworkonestop.com/HRM%20326/hrm-326-employee-development-complete-from-week-1-to-5 Product Description HRM 326 Employee Development WEEK 1 Individual Assignment, Organizational Focus and Goals Discussion Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 WEEK 2 Individual Assignment, Training Key Areas Learning Team Charter Discussion Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Weekly Quiz WEEK 3 Learning Team Assignment, Needs Analysis Discussion Questions 1, 2, 3, 4 WeeklyRead MoreCmgt 442 Week 2 Individual Assignment Risk Information Sheet Cmgt442 Week 2 Individual Assignment Risk Information Sheet957 Words  | 4 PagesCMGT 442 CMGT Complete Course Click below link for Answer visit www.workbank247.com http://workbank247.com/q/cmgt-442-cmgt-complete-course/11526 http://workbank247.com/q/cmgt-442-cmgt-complete-course/11526   CMGT 442 Week 1 Individual Assignment  Outsourcing risks   Prepare a 6-10 slide narrated PowerPoint presentation that identifies the possible risks to an organization in each of the following outsourcing situations: The use of an external service provider for your data storage. 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Using the Service Request SR-rm-004, analyze HR system, and prepare a 4-6 page paper that accomplishes the following: Describe theRead MoreMgt312 Mgt 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager – All Assignments772 Words  | 4 PagesManager – All Assignments Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/mgt-312-new/mgt312-mgt-312-organizational-behavior-for-manager-all-assignments/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com MGT 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager – All Assignments MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper MGT 312 WEEK 2 Personality Impact Paper MGT 312 WEEK 2 Learning Team Four Functions of Management Paper MGT 312 WEEK 3 Sodexo and Principle Financial Group Case Study MGT 312 WEEK 4 Individual AssignmentRead MoreMkt 571 Complete Course Mkt 571 Week 1 Marketing Environment Simulation and Summarymkt 571 Week 2 Vals Surveymkt 571 Week 2 New Product Launch Marketing Plan, Part I Mkt 571 Week 3 Segmentation and Target Market Paper1325 Words  | 6 Pagesfor Answer http://workbank247.com/q/mkt-571-week-1-to-week-6-complete-course-mkt571-co/10439 http://workbank247.com/q/mkt-571-week-1-to-week-6-complete-course-mkt571-co/10439 MKT 571 Week 1 Marketing Environment Simulation and Summary Complete the Marketing Environment Simulation and Summary in MyMarketingLab. Save your results report from the simulation to your computer. Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment. MKT 571 Week 2 VALS Survey Take the VALS Survey. SubmitRead MoreSpe 513 Week 2 Spe513 Week 2 Essay1027 Words  | 5 Pages/13555 SPE 513 WEEK 1 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT REFLECTION PAPER Write a 500- to 750-word reflection paper. Include your experiences and beliefs as a student in a classroom with exceptional students. Address the following questions: * How was diversity addressed when you were in school? * What changes have you noticed in how diverse learners are treated in the classroom? * What are the enefits of including all students in general education classrooms? Click the Assignment Files tab to submitRead MoreAcc 422 Syllabus1013 Words  | 5 Pagesgoverning your current class modality. Course Materials Kieso, D. E., Weygandt, J. J., Warfield, T. D. (2010). Intermediate accounting (13th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. 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Monday, December 16, 2019
Importance of Non Conventional Energy by Shanavaz Khan Free Essays
Research has shown that fuels such as oil, gas and even nuclear have a remaining life span of 70 years. As the industrialized modern world consumes increasing amounts of energy, finding non-conventional energy sources becomes essential to sustain worldwide energy demands. There is considerable debate about the efficiency of non-conventional energy and its ability to supply the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Non Conventional Energy by Shanavaz Khan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The contribution of renewable sources of energy remains small however it’s a growing sector with expanding levels of investment. Non-Conventional energy sources can be defined in following types * Water Energy – Hydro-electric power plants are effective in utilizing potential energy stored in water. Ocean contains energy in form of temperature gradients, waves and tides and can be harnessed. * Wind Energy – Wind has kinetic energy that can turn turbines and can be converted to usable power. However the amount of energy that can be derived depends on the speed of the wind. Wind power is one of the most cost-efficient forms of non-conventional energy. Solar Energy – The Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) technology which enables the direct conversion of sun light into electricity can be used to run pumps, lights, refrigerators, TV sets, etc and it has several distinct advantages since it does not have moving parts, produces no noise or pollution, requires very little maintenance and can be installed anywhere. * Other sources – Geo-Thermal energy, Biomass energy and Bio fuels are other sources of non-conventional energy. All over the developed world importance of these types of non-conventional energy sources has been recognized with international targets set for a massive increase in renewable generation, for example European Union has set 30 percent energy output by 2020. Nevertheless there is need of more thrust to the research and development of non-conventional energy sources not only to mitigate greenhouse effect but also to lessen dependence on fossil fuels. Last but not the least, it is for citizens also to believe in power of renewable energy sources and understand its necessity and importance. How to cite Importance of Non Conventional Energy by Shanavaz Khan, Papers
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Lung Cancer Essay Paper Example For Students
Lung Cancer Essay Paper There are two different types of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. It is all depending on the size of what the cells look like under a microscope. Both of these types of lung cancer can grow differently which leads to them both being treated differently. Non-small cell lung cancer is the more common of the two and it usually grows fairly slow. There are three main types of non-small cell lung cancer and they are squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Small cell cancer is the least common and it grows fairly rapid and it can easily spread to other organs in the body (Cavendish, p.946). Usually cells grow and divide at a specific pace that keeps the body working healthy but sometimes the cells start to divide at an uncontrollably pace. When the cells grow too much they make a tumor. The cells in this tumor are cancer cells and when the cancer cells are in the lungs, they eat away at the lungs, which leads to killing someone. Some people that might get cancer are people who smoke cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, and people who get close to radon, asbestos, and pollution. In most people that cancer, the cancer cells are not found until it is in the later stages. Only 15% of the people that get cancer get it found in the early stages. When someone is found that they have cancer, they have at the most, five years to live. It matters if the cancer cells have gotten to the local lymph nodes or elsewhere. Most people figure out they have cancer by pure accident. They will go in to get an x-ray or CAT scan for something else and figure out they have cancer (http://my.webmd.com). There are many different symptoms for lung cancer. Most of them do something with breathing or something to do with their mouth. Some of the symptoms are; a cough that doesnt go away, chest pain that is sometimes aggravated by deep breathing, hoarse sounding voice, weight loss or loss of appetite, bloody spit, shortness of breathe, fever with no known reason, recurring infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and wheezing (http://my.webmd.com). There is a lot of ways for Lung Cancer to be diagnosed. A CT (Computed Tomography) scan will tell the exact size, shape, and position of the tumor. A MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) will help tell where the cancer is going to spread. A PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan traces a radioactive substance that is found in the cancer cells. During a bone scan a small amount of a radioactive substance is injected into a vein and it builds up where an abnormal area is, sometimes made by cancer. A bronchoscopy is when a patient is sedated and a fiberoptic flexible tube is moved through the mouth into the bronchi tube (the tube that carries air to the lungs) and they can find blockages made by tumors or cancer. Blood tests are also taken to see if cancer cells have spread to the liver or bones. Staging of non-small cell lung cancer is described with the TNM system. T stands for tumor, its size and how far it has spread, N stands for the lymph nodes, and M stands for metastasis, spread to other organs. All of these are combined and a stage is assigned to each group. There are four different stages for the non-small cell lung cancer T stages. Tis is when cancer is found only in the lay of cells lining the air passages and not found anywhere else. T1 is when the cancer is no larger than 3 centimeters. T2 is when the cancer is no larger then 3 centimeters, it involves a main bronchus but is not closer then 2 centimeters to where the trachea branches off into the main bronchi, it has spread to the visceral pleura, the cancer partially clogs the airways but the lung is not collapsed or under pneumonia. T3 is when the cancer has spread to the chest wall, the diaphragm, the mediastinal pleura, or the parietal pericardium, when the cancer involves a main bronchus and is closer then 2 centimeters to where the trachea branches into the main bronchi but doesnt infect the area, and when the cancer grows into the airways and collapses one of the lungs. And T4 is when the cancer has spread to the mediastinum, the heart, the trachea, the esophagus, the backbone, or the point where the windpipe branches into the left or right main bronchi, when two or more separate tumor nodules are present in the same lobe, when there is fluid containing cancer cells in the space surrounding the lung. .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 , .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .postImageUrl , .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 , .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:hover , .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:visited , .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:active { border:0!important; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:active , .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What was Golding's purpose in writing the novel, T EssayThere are four different stages for the non-small cell lung cancer N stages. N0 is when the cancer hasnt spread to the lymph nodes. N1 is when the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes within the lung. N2 is when the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes around the point where the windpipe branches into the left or right bronchi or to the lymph nodes in the mediastinum. N3 is when the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes near the collarbone on either side, to hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes. There are two different stages for the non-small cell lung cancer M stages. M0 is when there is no distant spread. M1 is when there is distant spread, sites considered include other lobes of the lings, lymph nodes further then the ones of mentioned in the N stages, and other organs. The stages are put together with all the information above. Stage 0 is Tis, N0, and M0. Stage IA is T1, N0, and M0. Stage IB is T2, N0, and M0. Stage IB is T2, N0, and M0. Stage IIA is T1, N1, and M0. Stage IIB is T2, N1, M0 and T3, N0, and M0. Stage IIIA is T1, N2, M0 and T2, N2, M0 and T3, N1, M0 and T3, N2, M0. Stage IIIB is Any T, N3, M0 and T4, Any N, M0. Stage IV is Any T, any N, and M1. Staging of the small cell lung cancer is easier because it only uses two stages, and limited stage, and the extensive stage. Limited stage usually means that the cancer is only in one lung and in lymph nodes on the same side of the chest. Extensive stage is when the cancer has spread to the other lung, to the lymph nodes on the other side of the chest, or to distant organs. Small cell lung cancer is split into only two stages because it shows people who have a chance of being cured and people who dont have a chance. There are many different risk factors for lung cancer. A significant amount of them are because of inhaling smoke. Things calls carcinogens in tobacco damage cells in the lungs and over time the cells may become cancerous. The likeliness of getting cancer is affected by the age someone starts smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked each day. Smoking cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or just being around smoke from any of these will cause lung cancer but the more directly that the smoke gets to the lungs increases the chance of getting lung cancer. Asbestos are minerals that float in the air and when they get into someones lungs, they can damage cells and increase the chance for lung cancer. If someone is by pollution of combustion of diesel or other fossil fuels, they have and a low chance of getting lung cancer but it can affect it. The last thing that can greatly cause lung cancer is tuberculosis and other lung diseases. The best way to prevent lung cancer at, the moment is to not smo ke, or stay away from any smoke. Smoking is the greatest cause of lung cancer and has a great chance of killing someone. There are many ways of treating lung cancer, and one of those ways is surgery. Surgery can only be done depending on the stage and type of lung cancer. When surgery is done, the cancer is removed and some of the surrounding lung tissue. This kind of surgery is called a pneumonectomy. Also laser surgery can be done to remove blockages of the lung (htt://www.cancer.org). Chemotherapy is a one of the most popular kinds of treatment. With chemotherapy, the patient is given lots of anticancer drugs. These drugs kill cancer cells but also kill non-cancerous cells. There are a lot of side effects, which include nausea, loss of hair, low blood cell counts, easy bleeding, fatigue, and numbness. .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb , .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .postImageUrl , .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb , .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:hover , .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:visited , .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:active { border:0!important; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:active , .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken EssayThere are two kinds of radiation therapy. One kind is external beam radiation, which delivers radiation to the body from the outside, and it is focused on the cancer. The other kind is brachytherapy, which a small pellet of radioactive material is placed directly into the cancer or an airway near it. I think that lung cancer is very severe. I thought that this report would be very good for me to do because a lot of people are going to know someone with lung cancer and if someone close to me gets lung cancer, then I will know what they are going threw. I may even get lung cancer someday and if I do, then I will know what my possibilities of living and what to do to help myself. I learned a lot while doing this report and I think that lung cancer and all other kind of cancers are a big deal and everything should learn all they can about them. BibliographyEncyclopedia of Family Health, volume 8, Marshall Cavendish, 1998, pp. 974 978Johnston, Lorraine, Lung Cancer: Making Sense of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Options, OReilly ; Associates, 2001National Cancer Institute, What You Need to Know About Lung Cancer, 2000, http://my.webmd.com, May 16, 2001. The World Book Encyclopedia, volume 3, Scott Fetzer, 1998, pp. 167 174Types of Treatment, 2000, http://www.cancer.org, May 16,2001Words/ Pages : 1,653 / 24
Saturday, November 30, 2019
The impact of e
Executive Summary Advancement in technology has reshaped and revamped the way business is being done. There is a shift towards using internet as a platform for firms to carryout business. The advantages associated with this technology has left almost all business firms whether big or small in size to consider adopting it with the notion that it will help them stay competitive and relevant in the current world of business.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The impact of e-commerce on business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there is little knowledge these firms have with regards to both advantages and disadvantages of adopting e-commerce. This paper has identified the pros and cons of adopting e-commerce. The method used to arrive at the conclusion in this paper is through an analysis of secondary data from existing books, journals and internet sources. It is apparent that since the inception of c omputers and internet, everything particularly on how business is carried out has tremendously changed. E-commerce is one of the fastest growing industries worldwide and is one of the most rapidly evolving areas of national and international trade. Using internet to carryout business has been deemed to be the most current innovation in the world of business and offers an opportunity to businesses to carryout business through electronics. Firms have rushed to adopt e-commerce which entails making transaction online with the belief that it will help them gain competitive advantages and increase their market shares as well as revenue. Indeed there are numerous advantages associated with this concept such as capturing new markets by allowing firms to go global, 24/7 operation this has been shown to bring with it the advantage of reliability and convenience which allows potential customers who do not have time to buy products and services regardless of time. It is evident that e-commerce help firm cut the costs of doing business, for instance there will be less paper work which requires human resource, a flexible or telework arrangement can be put in place making working execute their tasks, duties and responsibilities not necessarily in the office among other advantages. However, it is established that there are a host of drawbacks associated with e-commerce such as increase in criminal activities, ethical issues such as firing employees as a result of automating some tasks, technical issues, compatibility problems as well as legal implications.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance there is concern about increase in crime rates that are not easily detected, the real time production of goods and services have and will continue to create stock crisis, there is potential of loss of resources as well as underutilization of the same (people wil l lose jobs and rates of disposed equipment will increase), unavailability of power, ICT manpower, telecommunication facilities leaves some communities especially in third world countries at a disadvantage, social division and broken human interaction that creates and nurture trust. Bases on these pros and cons of adopting e-commerce, it would be rational for businesses to critically examine them and develop better strategies to curb some of these drawbacks. Failure to give this concept a serious thought might be a recipe for an organization to fail. Introduction Since the advent of computers, mankind has experienced an unmatched surge in development of new and cutting edge technologies. Additionally the desire for organizational effectiveness as well as using it to attain competitive advantage has made the adoption of these technologies to be deemed paramount in ensuring that organizations do cut themselves an edge in this competitive business world (Sharma Gupta, 2003). However, there is need for each and every organization to deeply and extensively consult before embarking in rolling the entire project, this is important as it will dictate the success and sustainability of the project. One notable technology that has propelled a number of organizations to greater height is internet-e-commerce (Coulter Vogel, 2004). By definition, e-commerce has been thought of as a employing â€Å"electronic communications and digital information processing technology in business transactions to create, transform, and redefine relationships for value creation between or among organizations, and between organizations and individuals†(Bonnett, 2000). The whole idea centers on buying or transaction via the internet. Generally speaking, e-commerce include; the business will effectively monitor it records, it will be competitive because potential users will be able to place their orders on-line as well as track the progress of the orders they placed, time is saved, it is reliable and convenient, the concept will offer the business an opportunity to reach wider markets, e-commerce will not only be used for transactions but also advertise a firm’s product among others (Karyn Filson, 2001). Outline The paper has an introduction where the topic to be covered is succinctly brought to readers attention. Definitions of important terms are also presented. The problem statement is also clearly written down together with the objectives of the entire work. The next section is the main body tackling the impact of e-commerce to businesses. The paper begins with the positive contribution of the technology. After this, the negative effects are succinctly covered. The last section of the paper is the conclusion which entails a brief summary of the work done.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The impact of e-commerce on business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Problem statemen t E-commerce is one of the fastest growing industries worldwide and is one of the most rapidly evolving areas of national and international trade. Using internet to carryout business has been deemed to be the most current innovation in the world of business and offers an opportunity to businesses to carryout business through electronics. E-commerce technologies have provided opportunities for business growth but have also presented the business world with many challenges (Nissanoff, 2006). It is worth mentioning that, [E-commerce enables organizational change and helps organizations to conduct business with improved efficiencies and productivity. E-commerce is credited with empowering employees and knowledge workers, by giving them easy access to virtually unlimited information. E-commerce technologies have helped nations to accelerate their economic growth and to provide more opportunities for the businesses to grow. Meanwhile, it has also created many challenges and adverse effect s, such as concerns over privacy, consumer protection, and security of credit card purchases, displacement of workers (especially low-status ones), and is charged with having a negative impact on quality of work life.] (Sharma Gupta, 2003, p. 655) Objectives The objective of this task is to critically evaluate the positive and negative impact for a business which adopts e-commerce in doing business. As noted previously, there is need to have this information in the public domain so that organizations are not misled that adopting e-commerce is a bed of roses. This will be very important since it will help them make informed decision as well as prepare them in developing better strategies that can help them overcome the negative impacts of such technology. Similarly the paper will give recommendations to businesses that desire to adopt e-commerce. Impacts of introducing e-commerce Benefits of e-commerce It is worth noting from the onset that just like any other business and for that matter a normal concept, there are both benefits and draw backs associated with introduction of e-commerce to any business organization. Therefore, the impact to the whole organization, consumers, current market and legal issues can be very dramatic (Kotler, 2009). Nissanoff, 2006 believed that E-commerce if introduced in an organization might help a firm to segment its market better by utilizing the demographic characteristics such as age, gender, price, interest, tastes and preferences of its potential customers, information that is usually easily collected online.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This will help the firm to keep track of the required goods and the services, quantity, quality and the time of delivery. This in turn will shape how the business strategizes on production. It is worth noting that what this brings in elimination of the poor timing in production and possibly cutting down on wasting of resources and time. Additionally, according to Kotler, 2009 e-commerce will cut down the cost of doing market survey. For the simple reason of adopting the innovation, paper work will be tremendously reduced. The later has no doubt been cumbersome, consuming a lot of time that can be utilized by the firm to doing other things that will upgrade their operation. With e-commerce, a business will be able to get various group segments directly especially via internet. This has come with low investment level but in turn high return. It is also a fact that most customers’ critic some business concerning the products and services it offers. For this reason, the sensitiza tion process that will be generated by online advertisement will make these customers to buy confidently in transacting with any business. E-commerce has the potential of making a firm cut itself an edge and stay competitive even during economic hard times, as it can learn and promote its image to different market segment depending with their needs, thus promoting market expansion and consequently, high sales volume. It is evident that e-commerce will help an organization to reach to a wider market not initially thought of (Kalakota Whinston, 1997). Additionally, information gathered online concerning the desires of customers will aid the firm to be in contact with demand and supply curve hence always striving to stay competitive. This will be attained by novelty to have room for the needs and aspirations of customers from the ground. As a result of trying to meet these demands and needs, there will be room for the firm to develop new products to cope up with ever tightening compet ition in the business environment. The ultimate outcome of this is highly satisfied who will be loyal to the firm which translates to doing business with them for a longer period. On the same note, there are higher chances of improved relationship between the firm adopting e-commerce and its customers. This will be brought about due to the multiple roles played by e-commerce (advertising and publicizing) (Bonnett, 2000). The reason for this is that customers will be provided with all necessary information regarding products and services available, information on progress on orders placed as well as deliveries. Such a relationship will definitely result in a better relationship between the two that might lead to more market segmentation as well as customers’ satisfaction hence a potential to develop into a global market. On the same note there are organization such as Amazon.com among other that have adopted this technology in ensuring that delivery of placed order is quick he nce reaching customers on time. This in itself is a competitive advantage. In most cases the products are delivered in at the customers’ door steps. On the same note, e-commerce carries with it the advantage of doing business around the clock, 24/7. With this come the concepts of convenience and reliability. It is worth noting that doing business around the clock will attract more potential customers especially those who do not have time to physically come to the offices to place an order. The implications of this is that more revenue will be generated and at the same time widening customer base. Additionally, the business can benefit by using the whole idea as an alternative source of income. Similarly, a firm that adopts e-commerce can be provided with an easy and very flexible opportunity to maneuver pricing issues. Mass customization and network production can be made possible by adopting e-commerce. After capturing a global market, a firm can parcel out some production p rocesses to other firms that offer goods and services similar to it. The advantage that will be realized as a result of this is reduced cost, increased strategic target marketing as well as facilitated sell add-on goods and services when need arise. Another positive force brought forth by introduction of e-commerce may be the link it creates among customers, employees of the business, competitors, suppliers and distributors. The association will be effective if there is a clear supply chain management which will in the end boost sales. It has been shown that in traditional environment of doing business, it was difficult and cumbersome for a new entrant or a small firm to conquer other geographical locations. However, when a firm adopts e-commerce, this gives it a perfect opportunity to compete globally since there are no geographic boundaries. The only thing a firm needs to do is to develop a well thought and managed website where its products and services can be accessed. This will help even small firms to gain competitive advantage and increase their market shares. Draw backs of e-commerce Legal implications On the other hand, there is need for the business especially if it operates in the United States to carefully evaluate the associated legislations such as the copyright legislation, computer misuse act 1990, trading standards, delta protection act of 1998, freedom of information act of 2002 as well as e-commerce regulation. This does not mean that other businesses in other geographic locations are exempted. There is also need to adhere to international laws and regulations concerning usage of e-commerce (Miller, 2002). A clear understanding of this legal provision is key in ensuring that any emerging legal issues for instance differing prices advertisement can be handle with clear precedent. It is worth noting that failure to follow a number of government provisions might land businesses which have adopted e-commerce into serious legal battles (Chaudhury Jean-Pierre, 2002). Ethical issues As suggested by Coulter Vogel, 2004 with the introduction of e-commerce, managers and line supervisors will be faced with very serious ethical issues that need to be addressed in time. One notable issue is what a firm will do with those employees for instance who work on business paperwork’s now that most of the things have been automated. Additionally, another issue linked to this is addressing the issue of resistance as well as employees who are difficult to be retrained so that they fit into the system. This is costly and laying them off can imply legal battle on the basis of the contract signed between employees and their employer (Kalakota Whinston, 1997). Similarly, issue of confidentiality in using e-commerce will be highly compromised. The is a higher chance again of the business to utilize information technology to closely monitor all activities of its customers as well as workers which amount to invasion of human privacy. It is also a fact that surfing the internet is an interesting as well as time consuming, there is a possibility of an employee to surf during work time which can jeopardize the efforts of adopting the innovation (Mellahi Johnson, 2000). To control this, there will be need to limit the kind of information accessible through the internet. This in turn might negative impact the moral of the workers. In recent past, there are cases reported where hackers get into businesses data bases and obtain full details of customers (Chaudhury Jean-Pierre, 2002). They later use these details to steal money from unsuspecting customers. This they do by sending customers mails which are fictions for instance one might be told that he or she has won a price and needs to send some cash to a certain bank account. Similarly, with advancement in technology, there are those who after acquiring the full details of customers, hack their bank accounts and transfer money to unknown accounts (Eisingerich Kretschme r, 2008). Trust and human contact Although adopting e-commerce sounds heavenly send solution to doing business in the 21st century, Lefebvre et al 2001 note that there are very serious issue regarding customer trust and lack of human contact while carrying out transaction might be a blow to the desires of any firm which seek to have a direct contact with its customers. It is human nature to interact while doing business; this usually fosters the concept of building customer trust. Although the current generation is capable of living up to this kind of idea, the older population is yet to embrace this kind of technology and they still prefer the human contact (Wyckoff Colecchia, 2000). It has been argued that online communication can never be a substitute to face-face interaction. Additionally in situations where there are serious complains, there is no perfect opportunity like face to face interaction. Here the complaining party can gain full understanding of the issue at hand whic h cannot be attained through online communication particularly when the other party is agitated (Laudon Traver, 2010). It is worth mentioning that there are a group of people who will resist doing business through this kind of platform and will prefer doing business the traditional way. The major reason why people resist using internet to transact is due to lack of adequate knowledge on how the system works as well as reluctant to buy a product that cannot be physically examined. As a result, this will call for the firm adopting this kind of technology to set aside funds that will be used to educate potential and willing consumers so that they become confident in using e-commerce. The problem with this is that the firm might incur extra cost and still the group refuses to change. Technical problems and emerging innovation Having in mind that changes are always part of human life, advent of new technology will always present a challenge to the business. There are chances that after adopting the innovation, a new one is developed rendering the one adopted to be obsolete leading to a financial draw back especially if the entire project has not repaid the money invested in it (Seethamraju, 2006). Technical hiccups can also hit the innovation and this might include failure of the web site, problems with the surrounding environment, failure in power systems, failures in hardware and software as well as virus attacks (Bonnett, 2000). When the later happen, it is risky for the business since it can loss all its viable data in case it has not backed it up. Compatibility problem Since it is everybody’s anticipation that there will be development of further technological innovation, the business might face problems with compatibility of its old and the emerging innovation. What this will imply is that there will be instances where sharing of information is hindered which will call for installation of entirely new system which will have huge financial implication to the business (Eisingerich Kretschmer, 2008). Impact of e-commerce to the entire society Among the societal implications of adopting e-commerce in doing business are; it has fostered creation of a flexible working environment. This has in turned led to improved quality of life making people to work from their homes. The advantages of this working scenario not only include convenience but also offer a conducive environment to take part in activities that aid in generating revenue. Similarly, working from home help reduces traffic congestions as well as cutting down air pollution (Bonnett, 2000). Additionally this helps the firm cut down on operation costs in terms of space, power, and food to employees among others Consequently, people are interconnected which makes sharing of information to be very easy and quick thus making the entire society to make informed choices before engaging in business transactions. Additionally, there is an economic as well as social impact as a result of the rate at which changes occur. On the same note, e-commerce has facilitated quick delivery of public services for instance plumbing services, banking services and more importantly health care services. It is also thanks to e-commerce that it has been possible to fill tax return forms on line and submit them on time (Seethamraju, 2006). On the other hand, there are drawbacks that the society has experience as a result of adopting e-commerce. According to Kalakota Whinston, 1997 these include increase crime rates that are not easily detected, the real time production of goods and services have and will continue to create stock crisis, there is potential of loss of resources as well as underutilization of the same (people will lose jobs and rates of disposed equipment will increase), unavailability of power, ICT manpower, telecommunication facilities leaves some communities especially in third world countries at a disadvantage, social division and broken human interaction that c reates and nurture trust. Conclusion It is apparent that since the inception of computers and internet, everything particularly on how business is carried out has tremendously changed. Using internet to carryout business has been deemed to be the most current innovation in the world of business and offers an opportunity to businesses to carryout business through electronics. Firms have rushed to adopt e-commerce the belief that it will help them gain competitive advantages and increase their market shares as well as revenue. Indeed there are numerous advantages associated with this concept such as capturing new markets by allowing firms to go global, 24/7 operation, cutting costs among others. However, it is established that there are a host of drawbacks associated with e-commerce such as increase in criminal activities, ethical issues such as firing employees as a result of automating some tasks, technical issues, compatibility problems as well as legal implications. Thus businesse s need to critically examine the concept of e-commerce and develop better strategies to curb some of its drawbacks. Failure to give this concept a serious thought might be a recipe for an organization to fail. References Bonnett, K. (2000). An IBM Guide to Doing Business on the Internet. New York: McGraw-Hill. Chaudhury, A. Jean-Pierre, K. (2002). E-Business and E-Commerce Infrastructure. New York: McGraw-Hill. Coulter, J. Vogel, T. (2004). Pets.com, Inc.: Assessing financial performance and risks in the e-commerce industry. Accounting Education, 2(1), 567-582. Eisingerich, A. Kretschmer, T. (2008). In E-Commerce, More is More. Harvard Business Review 86, 20–21. Kalakota, R. Whinston, A. (1997). Electronic Commerce: A Manager’s Guide. London: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Karyn, W. Filson, D. 2001. The Impact of E-Commerce Strategies on Firm Value: Lessons from Amazon.com. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.198.4557rep=rep1type= pdf Kotler, P. (2009). Marketing Management. Pearson: Prentice-Hall. Laudon, K. Traver, C. (2010). E-Commerce 2011. Prentice Hall. Lefebvre, L., Pierre-Majorique, L., Cassivi, L., Lapointe, R Pierre, H. (2001). OECD Electronic Commerce Business Impact Project. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/internet/ieconomy/2070352.pdf Mellahi, K. Johnson, M. (2000). Does it pay to be a first mover in e-commerce: The case of Amazon.com. Management Decisions, 38(7), 445-452. Miller, R. (2002). The Legal and E-Commerce Environment Today. London: Thomson Learning. Nissanoff, D. (2006). Future Shop: How the New Auction Culture Will Revolutionize the Way We Buy, Sell and Get the Things We Really Want. New York: The Penguin Press. Seethamraju, R. (2006). Impact of E-Commerce on Business Process Redesign and Integration. International Journal of Electronic Business, 4(5), 380-400. Sharma, S. Gupta, J. (2003). Adverse effects of e-commerce. The electronic and social impact of e-commerce. Retrieved from http://www.irma-international.org/viewtitle/12494/ Wyckoff, A. Colecchia, A. (2000).The Economic and Social Impact of Electronic Commerce: Preliminary Findings and Research Agenda. London: Org. for Economic Cooperation Development. This research paper on The impact of e-commerce on business was written and submitted by user GorillaMan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
What to Do When You Cant Find a Job After College
What to Do When You Cant Find a Job After College If you’ve just graduated, left school, and started trying to set yourself up in your career, but find you can’t find a job after college. You’re not alone. It can take time after graduation to find the good, fulfilling full-time employment that will get your professional life off on the right foot. Rather than freaking out about not having your first job, why not try taking these 4 steps towards getting hired? A few small tweaks to your job search strategy can make all the difference.1. Reassess the strategyPerhaps your plan was to get hired by a large company who recruits on campuses and hires grads before they’ve even turned in their final papers. But a very small proportion of the recent post-college workforce lands jobs like these. If you didn’t, don’t worry. Focus now on smaller and younger companies that recruit differently, but might be really keen for a candidate like you. Look to local businesses. Think outside the box. And refocu s your energies to companies that stand a better chance of interviewing you.2. Try applying to the same company a few months laterAlternatively, if you’re still jobless after a few months and you missed your shot with your dream company, you might still get another chance. Lots of these big companies underestimate how many recruits they’ll need and will often have a second round. Be ready and on the lookout to take advantage of this.3. Don’t freak out about experienceEmployers both know and understand that you don’t (and couldn’t possibly!) have the 1-3 years experience most job advertisements say a company requires. If you have the right background and skills, plus perhaps a relevant internship in your field, then companies will consider you for these positions. When in doubt, apply.4. Apply to different companies in different locationsWhen in doubt, expand your horizons. Consider roles, companies, even cities that may not have been on your first list of options. Try smaller companies where you’ll be able to get tons of on-the-job training and experience. Try boutique firms, or training programs that will nurture you and invest in your development.The bottom line is never to give up before it’s over. And it isn’t over. There are millions of opportunities out there for the college educated. And, with a little bit of luck and pluck and drive, you’ll get one of them soon.
Friday, November 22, 2019
Assessment by Portfolio and Standardized Testing - Smart Custom Writing Samples
Assessment by Portfolio and Standardized Testing - Smart Custom Writing Law in BookLaw refers to the universal guiding principles that give the description of the fundamental nature of a thing, to universal belongings and relationship between things. The â€Å"rule of law†solely depends on uniform usage of laws and the common procedure. This implies that the legal procedure should be separated off from the political processes that the judges and the courts should be independent. It also important to note that law or the legal process is really difficult to sustain. This is due to the fact that powerful forces are always trying to bias law in their direction and it is clear that it has been an easy principle to maintain but very fragile (Jacob, 1998). My understanding concerning black letter law is that it is the established standards for a particular law or orthodoxy. These are the things we always find in text books and comprises of the prepositions that judges are capable of citing argument. Laws or rather the black letter law is vital since it is highly authoritative and can be expected to be applied with high degree of certainty. All the same, â€Å"Law in Action†reminds us that no matter how interesting or elegant a theory might appear to be we must always ask ourselves, â€Å"Why should it matter to the individuals across the world?†Generally, the black letter law can also be referred to as that basic standards or elements of a particular law that can not be disputed. This term is common in the American legal framework but in English law, it is used in referring to areas of law that are characterized by technical rules rather than having conceptual basis. Law in action is our signature approach to understanding the legal education and framework that captures the unique and special role played by most institutions within legal education (Willard, 1968). The law is also based on the conceptual framework that affects all our undertakings. The concept of law in action presents itself any moment that we happen to discuss who we are and who we desire to be. When you join most of the faculties you will always here this phrase and later came to realize that it symbolizes that in order to truly understand the law, you have to understand the law on the books first. It also goes beyond statutes and cases and focuses on how law is applied out there in the community level. "Law in Action" is an orientation that has led to our public status for ground-breaking approaches to both teaching and scholarship. It also embraces our superiority over the years in fields such as legal history, criminal justice, industrial relations, law and society, and proportional institutional money matters. This law offers a challenge to us by combining our expertise and scholarly traditions with the strengths of the great academia of which we are a part, in order to presume national leadership in emerging areas such as bioethics, globalization, and other dimensions of law and technology (Jacob, 1998). Law in Action's Relevance for the Future Our famous law in action still flourishes and develops year by year, and it generally occupies the central position in all our undertakings in connection to our Strategic Plan. "Law in Action" gives us the focus to understand the confrontations of remaining one of the nations unsurpassed law schools. With the help of law in action, it is clear that we will continue to build our national status for distinction and our dedication to the "Law in Action" philosophy. It is a philosophy that has served most Law School graduates well over the past century, and it is one that may prove even more relevant for tomorrow's graduates as we are increasingly being faced with a more multifarious, aggressive, and demanding world. When we look at the famous factious legal case created by Lon Fuller in his article, â€Å"The Case of the Speluncean Explorers,†we find that the case gives us the picture of a group of spelunkers or cave explorers trapped by landslide. It is evident that upon realizing that they are approaching a point when they are going to be faced with starvation, they make radio call to the rescue team and engineers’ estimates that rescue team are likely to take another ten days. The spelunkers are astonished whether they are going to survive for all those ten years. But all in all, after being rescued they are prosecuted for murder and in that case or some moment later Newgarth carries a mandatory death penalty (Paul, King, 1997). As in the case of the policeman and the driver who was driving under the influence of alcohol and begins to argue with the cop when questioned, it is clear that the driver is against the law but pretends not to understand. He is then told by the police that â€Å"That is the law†meaning that where there is no law there is tyranny and oppression. The driver feels that since he is driving his own car it is not necessary to have driving license since it is meant for those driving public vehicle services. This also supports the similar concept of the rule of law†where written law in control of individual behaviors not the whims of a strong man ruler (Jacob, 1998). To conclude, it is evident that the law is meant to safeguard the interest of the general public, their lives, as well as property. And it is also important to note that when the law ends, begins tyranny. Without law in place people are likely to be treated in the manner that is not appropriate since there are those taking law into their hands (Jacob, 1998). References Jacob H. (1998) Law in action: legal frontiers for natural resources planning. Oxford: Oxford University Press Paul, D. and King, E. (1997) Law and the Wisconsin Idea, 47 Journal of Legal Education 297 Willard, H. (1968) Changing Responsibilities of the Law School 1868-1968, Wisconsin L. Rev. 336.
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Batman versus Superman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Batman versus Superman - Essay Example We can initiate the discussion by discussing Superman, also known as Clark Kent. The origins for this comic character can be described as one that has gone through considerable changes and ret-cons during its tenure however the basic essence of his origin remains similar – Superman comes from another planet by the name of Krypton in a rocket, the survivor of a apocalypse which effectively destroys his home; he was shipped off to a new destination – Planet Earth. It was here that he finds a new home for himself with a small caring family in Smallville; Jonathan and Martha Kent who long for a child and hence raise him as their own. There are several versions of the journey that Clark undertakes some talk about his ability to use his powers beginning from a very young age and hence leading to him transitioning to the young super hero, Superboy. However this version was discarded mainly because it brought up inconsistencies as far a Chronological time line was concerned. Cl ark Kent’s move into the city of Metropolis and his work as a reporter mark the beginning of his secret identity as Superman as he starts to form a line of defense against his foes such as Lex Luthor, Braniac, etc. The identity of Superman is a major source of conflict and debate for the numerous fans that can talk about a length on the topic. There are two main sides of the pending arguments; the first being that Superman is the real identity of the character and that Clark Kent can rightly be categorized as his alter ego; this being mainly justified due to this birth on another planet and his powers being innate rather than acquired during his life. On the other hand there is a considerable fan base that argues that Clark Kent only just so happens to be Superman; the primary bases for this argument being the fact that he was raised by Martha and Jonathon to be human and it was during a later part of his life that he realized that he had powers (Jacobs, 2011). Either way the re comes intersecting lines of agreement as far as Superman persistently kept his polite and meek ego adopt a pattern of behavior vastly divergent from that of Superman. As a superhero he was fearless and confident whereas Clark comes off as more clumsy and quiet individual. Clark reinforces his secret identity so firmly that he even fools the people who are close to him n his life. An excellent example is that of Lois Lane, Clark’s romantic interest and co-worker who despite working with him in such close proximity never comes to the realization that the Clark and Superman was the same individual. Showing just how effective his cover was and how great a transition the character undertakes when it comes to swapping a pair of glasses and redoing his hair. Superman’s brand of justice is an extension of his own personality where he prioritizes protecting and saving the lives of innocent victims who are in imminent peril over chasing down villains when a threatening situat ion, a crisis or an emergency unfolds. It is only after he is convinced that innocent lives are protected from danger and that everyone is safe that the will tackle the main peril at hand. Batman is a
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4
Depression - Essay Example More detailed definitions of the term give a little more sense of the depth of emotion the term indicates. Another Merriam-Webster definition goes deeper by describing depression as â€Å"a psychoneurotic or psychotic disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies†(2009). The tendency to define the condition based on how it makes a person feels is echoed in Medline but Medline adds that these feelings must be experienced for an extended period of time. But everyone has a tendency to feel some or even all of these feelings at some point during their day or week, so what makes the depressed person different from everyone else? Trying to understand what is really meant by the term depression becomes more confusing when it is understood that there are several different types of depression. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, there are at least five different types of depression. Major depressive disorder, or major depression, is what is commonly defined in the dictionary in terms of the symptoms a person might experience. More than just sadness, though, â€Å"major depression is disabling and prevents a person from functioning normally†(NIMH, 2009). The other kinds of depression all fall under the heading of dysthymic disorder which is not considered to be disabling, but is considered long-term, which NIMH defines as two years or more. These include psychotic depression, postpartum depression and seasonal affective disorder. Psychotic depression is like regular depression but includes the person developing hallucinations, delusions or breaking from reality. Postpartum depression ha ppens within the first month after giving birth and seasonal affective disorder occurs during the winter months when there is less
Saturday, November 16, 2019
The Impact of Technology on Marketing in Nigeria Essay Example for Free
The Impact of Technology on Marketing in Nigeria Essay With a few exceptions, available literature tends to uphold the view that technology has become a universally relevant concept in every business organization. Some argue that a consistent and positive relationship exists between Marketing and Technology. This paper therefore, proposes that with its effects on marketing, organizations and practitioner can create a symbiotic relationship between Marketing and Technology with the ultimate objective of sustaining or improving current marketing performances of these organizations. Our focus is to examine technology (ies) and it(s) effect on marketing activities and decisions. INTRODUCTION Drucker, (1980), observed that the business environment of the recent past has been characterized by turbulence. This has resulted on the reassessment of the growth prospects of various industries as well as dramatic upheavals in the relative positions of firms within these industries. The causes of these changes are numerous but it is by now apparent that a major cause of this upheaval is technology. Although technology has been ignored in most traditional considerations of economic or managerial behavior, it is no longer taken for granted. It has even risen to the forefront in debates on world and national economic policies and on the future of specific industries and markets. This paper attempts to examine the issues associated with technology in marketing and its impact not so much as in terms of the â€Å"quantity†of work and time employed to do the work, but rather in terms of the â€Å"quality†of the activity in marketing and its contributions. Today, marketers use technology to improve the quality of products and services offering. These new and evolving technologies coupled with increase management sophistication have transformed marketing from the creative art of yesterday into a true business discipline of today. In addition, it has resulted in developments that have provided important information and opportunities that have helped to meet customer needs and helped organizations to serve their customers better. Examples are scientific knowledge, research, inventions and innovations that result in new or improved goods and services, advances in manufacturing technology, improvements in distribution, better pricing techniques, etc. Most recently, the internet, an extensive global network of computes have made the distance between marketers, suppliers, and customer even shorter than what it use to be. In essence, we will discuss technology and merging aspects as they affect marketing practices and decisions. DEFINITION OF TECHNOLOGY The Advance Learners Dictionary described technology as the application of practical or mechanical sciences to industry or commerce and the methods, theory and practices governing such applications. An attempt to adopt this opinion will focus attention on machines and equipments in business. Technology has become more abstract, and its scope more defined that earlier thought. Pareauct and McCarthy (2003) opined that technology is the application of science to convert an economy’s resources to output. This only assumes that technology in business is a conversion process that enables firms to exploit available resources in new ways. Again, we see it as the application of science in the production and services. This also excludes auxiliary services in business. The definition of Bateman and Sneel (1999), seems to be more appropriate to describe technology in marketing. They see technology as â€Å"the methods, process, system and skills used to transform resources into products and services. This results in the commercialization of science by the systematic application of scientific knowledge to business products, process or services†. Jobber (2000) seems to confirm the above definition by outlining the following factors as important to technology in marketing. They are technology, methods, process systems and skills; a.Technology: As the method, process, system and skill that enable an organization to acquire, analyze and use the vast amount of data involved in managing its resources and customers. The technology needs to deliver the right information about the right customer at the right time so that the business can achieve its role in managing its resources and customers effectively, and efficiently. b.Method: For the technology to be effective there is a need for an understanding of the values, attitudes and behavior of various customers, prospects and stakeholders in the marketing process. This will help the organization to focus on such areas as the effective retention and acquisition of business customers for its long-term benefits. c.Process: Everything should be in a series of actions directed to provide a clear and consistent process for managing customer relations needed to be developed and reviewed in the light of changing customer needs and requirements in modern times. d.Systems: The technology should be able to provide some interacting elements that will form a collective entity. The implementation of the plans and processes that will deliver the value proposition to customer in every transaction must be synchronized and coordinated. e.Skills: The skills expected should involve special ability to perform in a given task. Key elements such as organizational structure should support effective customer management, role identification, training requirements for resources and employee satisfaction. The above factors are crucial to an organization’s ability to adapt to evolving technologies that may affect marketing technologies. Nickels, et al (1999), observed that technology in business has often changed names and roles over time. It started as data processing, information system, information technology virtualization and now to knowledge technology. This must have influenced Heineke (2003) to highlight of four stages in technology development as system-centric, PC-centric, Network Centric and Information Centric. Whatever the stage, the fact remains that technology in business or marketing has not reduced the amount of work but rather significantly changed the type of work performed by people in organizations. It has not replaced human labor, but induced deep and enduring changes in marketing environment. As technology affects the realm of marketing, as used in everyday life, its impact increases. This impact consists in not only a shift to different type of activities in business but also an encompassing effect on marketing in terms of quality. This quality is achieved by offering more comfort to customers as well as increasing the smoothness, user friendliness and efficacy in the performance of marketing activities. Generally, as technology in marketing advances, it might be possible to foresee some more enduring trends in marketing activities. The focus would then be on future issues on how to improve the quality of products and services provided by marketing for years to come. MARKETING AND TECHNOLOGY As stated above, technology has passed through well-defined stages. The history of marketing also shows very specific phases of growth from distribution, merchandizing, salesmanship, branding, advertising, database marketing to one on one marketing (Menton 2003). There existed a symbiotic relationship between technology and marketing. For example, from the early days of transportation, coming of radio, television, to computers networks. The effect of this relationship has been the steady reduction of the distance between the firm and the consumer. All these stages were greatly influenced in part by better and faster ways of doing business. As a business activity, marketing is facing a new and more complex environment. Technology, which affects this environment, has become very dynamic and highly volatile. Marketing and technology have become two of the most important aspects of any modern business. They share the skills and resources that are needed to power a successful and profitable enterprise. TECHNOLOGIES AFFECTING MARKETING Technology has been acknowledged as one of the most dynamic factors affecting business of today. It has spawn a myriad of applications that have potentially and dramatically impacted existing markets and different participants in the marketing activities like final consumers, sellers, seller of complementary service, intermediaries, information providers and business competitors. There is an unending and rapid advance in technologies that have led to amazing growth in knowledge technology. There are emerging technologies that have shown their usefulness given impressive declines in cost. The emerging and enduring technology in marketing as outlined by Shugan (2008), are i.Search and Engines: The internet now provides a wide variety of services for finding websites sellers, service people, product information, archival information, messages, reviews, announcements and search engines. The search engines are integral parts of the internet as a distribution channel. They help to disseminate information about products, brands and services of many firms. They allow for selected information, narrow buyers choice, increased assortment and targeting of particular items and customers. Examples of these search engines are; www.google.com, ww.yahaoo.com; www.msn.com; www.ask.com, etc. ii.Biometrics and Smartcards: Biometric is the automated identification of a person made by comparisons of physical physiology or behavioral traits to digital template. This technology provides an effective tool for countering undesirable arbitrage and provides the ability to identify a buyer from those only observing a buy. It also allows consumers to buy in advance and consumer later. On the other hand, smart cards are credit cards that contain chips with information on individual consumer. The cards allow users to both identify themselves and communicate private information. This technology has facilitated the Automated Teller Machines (ATM) and credit cards that have redefine the concept of place in marketing. ii.Mobile or Wireless Access Devices: This technology involves mostly the use of mobile phones and other Personal Digital Assistants popularly called PDAs, to access information from the internet about products and services. Their advantage includes, ubiquity, reach ability, convenience, security and privacy and personalization. The technology includes Short Messages Services (SMS), Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and 3G – a new generation of mobile service. iv.Interactive Digital Television: This offers similar facilities like the internet but provided with a simpler interface that can be operated from a remote control. It allows for distribution, information and participation interactive ness. This includes Asynchronous Transfer Mode, and Personal Communication services. v.M-Commerce and GPS Tracking: Mobile commerce (M-commerce) is the use of various information and communication technologies that allow the mobile exchange of information. It includes the use of a variety of devices such as mobile phones, wireless internet, and personal digital assistants. With the Global Positioning System (GPS), these devices can enable the users to determine their precise location on the earth surface. When it is linked to communication and computational components, they can transmit, locate and do location-based computation. They can be used to identify buyers and when it is inked to inventory system, could help to find the closest outlet for a particular product or service. vi.Enhanced Computational Speed: There is a remarkable increase in computing power. This has obviously spanned an enormous, number of opportunities for marketing. The increase in speed allows sellers of products and services to use sophisticated tools to analyze traditional database and continue to improve targeting strategies. These databases include information on automobiles, biomedical equipments, distribution devices, communication system, basic office equipments, etc. Business customers can now visit websites like visiting stores and even do their shopping on-line. THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON MARKETING IN NIGERIA The market place which is the interest of marketers is not what is use to be. Technology has shaken the foundation of marketing in several distinct and profound ways. It has affected marketing and marketing functions in Nigeria the following ways. Technology has allowed for the personalization of direct marketing activities and effects. Postal telecommunication and electronic correspondence can now be addressed specifically to individual customers. This has put the consumers in control, by giving the power of choice to them. Consumers can now get marketing messages where they want them and how they want them and most importantly, if they want them at all. Again, technology has also changed the media landscape. It is the foundation for the introduction of a vast array of new media alternatives. This has increased the reach and targeting power of marketers through the evolution and development of the internet, pod casting, blogging, I-pod and mobile technology. This has made it possible for a sponsor of an advertising message to select millions of messages and narrow cast any of them to millions of different individuals. It has changed how companies communicate with their customers and made marketing more scientific in the country. Furthermore, technology has completely transformed the measurement platform. That which was once considered to be beyond the scope of quantification has bowed to the reality that everything can fact be measured no matter how challenging or complex. This has helped to capture customer trends and behaviors in databases. Marketing strategists to define new markets, segment markets and plan marketing actions then apply these databases. Technology has crested a paradigm shift in marketing, which is referred to as Customer Relationship Management (CRM). This marketing-led approach helps to combine relationship marketing, direct marketing and data based marketing to build and sustain long-term business with customers. This seeks to establish long-term committed, trusting and cooperative relationship with customers that is characterized by openness, genuine concern for the delivery of high quality goods and services, responsiveness to customers. It suggests fair dealings and the marketers’ willingness to sacrifice short-term advantage for long-term gain. Technology provides the very foundation for effective customer relationship management in Nigeria. In addition, technology has become sustenance in a very short period and it has dramatically changed how consumers live their lives and how marketers need to address their customers. The influence of technology has grown into a macro-cultural shift in all aspects of society. This has affected the behaviors of consumer in all segments, of every society. It has helped to build â€Å"product or service communities†. An information gathering process that aims to access primary target groups and develop an enthusiastic community of customers for a firm’s products and services across the country. It has further widened the range of goods and services available to consumers and impact on companies’ promotion strategies. Components such as internet, CD-ROMs, etc enables buyer and sellers to interact on-line. They provide facilities that can be used to identify sales leads, conduct web-based marketers to make tough choices about how to spend marketing money and have shortened the window of time necessary to prove marketing success to business management and other stakeholders in Nigeria. An emerging definition of convenience in the country includes anytime, anywhere, anyway delivery of easy to use products and services. Electronic delivery of products and services has helped to create networks of websites and customers who sell, resell and recommend products and services offerings to their friends and other customers through these facilities. This has led to affiliate marketing across Nigeria. Finally, break through in technology have enabled the marketing of service that were until recently considered impractical in the country. The digitization of data content has brought new capabilities to interactive services and facilitated the creation of completely new classes of data. This is allowing an unimaginable quantity of information to be pumped into households via Internet, interactive devices, etc. This has facilitated the development of rich interactive services by marketers and marketing practitioners in the country. CONCLUSION Technology affects marketing in two basic ways, i.e new product/services and new processes of doing things in marketing. This technology is changing both the internal and external landscape of marketing. These forces of change facilitated by new and emerging technologies suggests a new emphasis of marketing as a strategic way of doing business has changed. Given this imperative of change, those responsible for marketing decisions in Nigeria must learn new ways to respond to the new business concept of â€Å"survival of the fastest†. REFERENCES Agbonifoh B.A. et al (2007); Marketing in Nigeria: 2nd Edition Concept, Principles and Decisions Afri Tower Books Aba-Nigeria Bergen, Mark Shantanu Dutta, Steven M. Shugan 1999 Variants: A Retail Perspective J. Marketing Res. Bob Lipdice (2008) Reinrenty Marketing an Introduction http://ana.bliogs.cpm/hodice12006/01/reinrenty-mar.html Capon and Rashi Glazer (2008);Marketing and Technology. A Strategic Coalignment http:/www.7stor.orlistor/giftotdir Carson, Paula Phillips, Patricia A. Lanier, Kerry David Carson, Betty J. Birkenmeier (1999). A Historical Perspective on Fad Adoption and Abandonment J. Management History 5(6) 320-333 Craver D.W and Piercy N.F (2003);Strategic Marketing 7th Edition McGraw Hill, Irwin Dave Chaffey Private Limited, New Delhi et al (2003); Internet Marketing 2nd Edition Strategy Implementation and Practice (FT) Prentice Hall, Harlow David Jobber (2004); Principles and Practice of Marketing 4th Edition, McGraw Hill London Eliashbery, Jehoshua, Steven M. Shugan (1997);Film Critics Influencers or Predictors? J. Marketing 61(2) 68-78 Friar, John H.R Balachandra (1999);Spotting the Customer for Emerging Technologies Res. Tech. Management 42(4) 37-44 How Technology will Save Marketing http://www.iaffekuice.com Huber, Peter (2000); The Death of Old Media. Wali Street J. (January 11) A. 26 Hwang-Aim Sook (2004); Integrating Technology Marketing and Management Innovation: Research Technology Management, Amore Pacific Corp. South Korea Iyer, Ganesh, David Soberman (2000); Marketing for Product Modification Information Marketing Set. 19(3) 203-22 Kotler P. (2003); Marketing Management 11th Edition Prentice-Hill of India Louderback, Jim (2004); GPS: High-Tech Lost and Found Extremetech (August 9) 1 McCarty, E. Jerome (1964); Marketing: A Management Approach, Richard D. Irwin, Homewood, II N. Nohia and J. Bekly (1994); â€Å"An Action Perspeative: The Crux of the New Management†. Calfornia Management Review Pg 70-92 Patrician A. Mirphy (2008); Where Marketing Meets Technology Perreauet W. D. and Mccarthy E.J. (2003);Essentials of Marketing. A Global Managerial Approach. McGraw Hill, Irwin Boston Rovenpor, Janet (2003);Explaining the E-Commerce she did so many Internet-Based Business Fail? E-se 53-77 Shugan Steven, M. Jinhon Xie (2004); Advance Selling, California Management Rev. 46(3) 37-54 Shugan Steven, M. Larry Winner (1999); Product Review Marketing Strategy. Working Paper, University Gainesville FL Tellis, Gerard J. Stefan Stremersch, Eden Yin (2003); Titional take off of New Products. The Role of Economic and Country Innovativeness Marketing Set 22(2). The Impact of E-Business on Marketing and Marketing. http://www.cim.co.uk/knowledgehub/marketingknowledge Trends that will Impact Marketing in 2005 http://www.dexigner.com/designnews1679.html Winkler A. (2008);Warp-Speed Brandy. The Impact of Tech on Marketing Editorial Daviews http://www.amagon.com Wu, Dazhong Gautam Ray, Xianjun Geng. Andrew W. (2004); Implications of Reduced Search Cost and First E-commerce Marketing Set 23(2) 255-262
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Life of Octopus Dofleini :: essays research papers
Life of Octopus Dofleini Introduction      This is a research report on octopuses in general, however will focus in on a particular species of octopus, the North Pacific Giant or octopus dofleini , which is a bottom dwelling octopus that lives on coasts of the pacific ocean, from California to north Japan. This report will cover the habitat, and lifestyle of this amazing mollusk, that is so often misunderstood. The octopus is a very intelligent, and resourceful invertebrate whose natural abilities should make this a fairly interesting reading. REPRODUCTION OF O. DOFLEINI      The spawning of the giant pacific may occur at any time of the year, however the mating of the octopus peaks in the winter months, with the peak of egg laying in April and may. Octopuses reproduce sexually, and have both male and female octopuses. Reproduction takes place as follows: The male octopus uses his tentacle to take a mass of spermatophore from within his mantle cavity, he then inserts it into the oviduct, in the mantle cavity of the female. This process occurs at depths from 20-100m and, lasts hours. With female octopuses receiving spermatophore up to 1m long.      Female octopus seem to prefer larger males as mates and male octopus may mate with more than one female in their life span, however the male octopus only lives a few months after breeding, and the female will die shortly after the eggs hatch.      Incubation can take from 150 days to seven or more months. The female may produce any where from 20,000 to 100,000 eggs over a period of several days. During incubation the female octopus will take to cleaning and aerating the eggs. This takes place at a depth of less than 50 meters LIFE SPAN OF O.DOFLEINI      After hatching, the baby octopus (or larvae) take on the role of plankton, drifting around the ocean feeding on neuston (dead food) as opposed to hunting live prey. This stage on an average lasts for 30-90 days.      Without mating the octopus may survive up to five years, and Giant Pacific octopus have been found to reach a weight of 600 pounds, and an estimated width of over 31 feet, But the average size is only 100 pounds and 3m, still weighing in as the largest species of octopus.      During their life span, many octopus fall victim to fatal, and non-fatal predation. Therefore a high percentage of octopus are mutilated or missing arms, this percentage increases in octopus that live in deep water, perhaps this is because older octopus tend to occupy deeper waters and would naturally have more battle scars. However larger octopus are less prone to these injuries.
Monday, November 11, 2019
The Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock by T.S. Eliot
â€Å"The Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock†is a poem written by T. S. Eliot, who introduces to the readers an overwhelming question, which pertains to whether the main character, Alfred Prufrock, should overcome his indecisiveness and fear or continue in his comfortable and dull existence. Prufrock is not happy with the decisions he has made in life, and that fact is very clear, as he tortures himself with internal conflict throughout the poem. In the beginning lines of the poem, he enthusiastically invites the reader, or possibly his alter ego, on a journey in the night.However, he later describes â€Å"half deserted streets†holding â€Å"insidious intent;†this hardly paints a pleasant picture (Eliot 4,9). The streets seem to represent Prufrock’s internal debate; an internal debate that prevents him from taking action in the conflict Eliot uses to portray Prufrock’s struggle, opening up to a women. Unfortunately, Prufrock’s tendency is to have â€Å"a hundred visions and revisions,†and eventually â€Å"turn back and descend the stair†(Eliot 33,39). This refusal to act is the consequence of his apparent fear of rejection and failure.His fear is simply a product of thought as he overly calculates his life, leaving a life unlived. To justify his decision, Prufrock says that he has â€Å"known them all already,†suggesting that all the women are the same, but in making the decision to not act, he delves deeper into a depleting future with no purpose (Eliot 49). Essentially, Prufrock convinces himself that he is satisfied with a secondary role in his own life, based on the fear that he will fail and be rejected. Therefore, Prufrock answers his question in a very unsatisfying way, as he chooses to remain comfortable.
Saturday, November 9, 2019
The Medical and Social Model of Health
The medical model is not only useful as an academic tool at the critical or theoretical level, it also appeals to health care practitioners at a practical level. The medical model is a scientific view on health and body functioning that was originated in the 19th century. This was when people were beginning to understand the functions of the human body and the ways in keeping the body healthy. The medical model of health was first based on the idea that the human body is like a machine; a car broke down, then it would need to be fixed. The concept of the medical model of health is highly supported by health and social care practitioners that focus on curing illness, rather than the inhibition of illness. They would focused on producing medicines, which would treat numerous diseases and surgeries, this could renovate different parts of the body. The health and social care practitioners value specialist medical services highly because health is viewed as the absence of diseases and illnesses. If someone was to become ill they would make an appointment to see a doctor because they see the doctor as someone to help cure them. The person involved in the treatment process has very little say. This means that whatever the doctor concludes about the health of the person would be final and the person is expected to carry out the advice of the doctor. http://www.marco-learningsystems.com/pages/david-zigmond/medical-model.htm (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.med.uottawa.ca/sim/data/Health_Definitions_e.htm (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.simplypsychology.org/medical-model.html (accessed on 26/10/2015) The medical of health is associated with the negative definition of health because the model focuses on the individual physical body and explains diseases or illnesses and its symptoms as a physical restraints, an example would be accidents. The medical model of health does not look at the psychological factor as the social model does. The concept of the social model of health is that people are not disabled because of illnesses or injury, but how society is constructed. The medical model disagrees with the social model because injury is seen as the cause of disability and that the person with the disability is expected to learn how to adapt within society, instead of society adapting to them. In the medical model disabled people as an issue, they should be adjusted to fit into the world as it is. On the off chance that this isn't conceivable, then they should be shut away in a particular institution or isolated at home, where only their most elementary needs are met. https://www.pol ity.co.uk/shortintroductions/samples/bury-sample.pdf (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/191/5/375 (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/publichealthtextbook/healthpromotion/2h1_c.jpg The social model can be understood, in part, as a reaction to the limits of the medical model. This model is carefully linked with positive definitions of health. In the social model the health of individuals and communities is seen as the consequence of complex and interrelating Communal, economic, environmental and personal factors. The social model of health is the direct opposite of the medical model. This is because the social model tries to prevent people from becoming ill rather than waiting for them to become ill and then treating them. The model attempts to address the larger influences on health. These are social, cultural, environmental and economic factors rather than diseases and injuries. The social model of health shows that for health and wellbeing to be achieved, the social, environmental and economic factors that affect health need to be addressed alongside biological and medical factors. The social model of health discards the impartiality and scientific self-importance of the bio-medical model and regards reliance upon the scientific method as only one way to measure health. The social model of health acknowledges that health and illness are created socially and that the health we experience relates to the way society is organized. According to Gillespie and Gerhardt (1995) states that health has an historical, cultural and social context and cannot be understood unless we appreciate. http://uk.ask.com/question/what-is-the-social-model-of-health (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.nwci.ie/download/pdf/determinants_health_diagram.pdf (accessed on 26/10/2015) https://knowledge.sagepub.com/view/key-concepts-in-health-studies/n3.xml (accessed on 26/10/2015) Culture is a factor that can have a negative or positive impact on a person’s health. Catholics are strongly against the use of contraception, which can lead to sexual transmitted diseases or infections and unwanted pregnancies. This is because Catholics believe that God has created each human for procreation and this means that a catholic person should not use contraception because they are interfering with God’s creation and stopping the procreation from occurring. Another example of the impact culture can have an impact on a person’s help is the Jehovah Witness disagreeing with blood transfusion. This is vital because it can lead to serious life-threatening diseases or infections. http://cugh.org/sites/default/files/content/resources/13_Social_And_Cultural_Factors_Related_To_Health_Part_A_Recognizing_The_Impact%20-%20Copy.pdf (accessed on 26/10/2015) https://sustainingcommunity.wordpress.com/2015/06/02/social-model-of-health/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) Education is another factor that has an impact on a person’s health and assertiveness towards health. If someone is taught about how to prevent various infections and diseases by taking measures, such as washing your hands before and after eating is essential for not passing diseases to other people. The social model of health has a link with the view that people can deal with their health responsibly if educated. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lc-ccr/centrepublications/workingpapers/WP03_Development_Critique.pdf (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.slideshare.net/jkonoroth/321-models-of-health (accessed on 26/10/2015) Most service users believe that a medical model founded on deficit and pathology still controls public and professional understanding of mental health issues, influential attitudes and policy. The service users largely see such a medical model as harmful and unhelpful. The labelling and stigma subsequent from a medical model of mental illness emerge as major fences for mental health service users. Service users see social tactics to mental health issues as much more helpful. The service users feel that broader subjects need to be taken more into account to stand the individualisation of mental health issues. They have diverse and complex opinions about the social model of disability and how co-operative a related social model of insanity and suffering would be. Read also Six Dimensions of Health Worksheet http://www.whatissocialmodelofhealth.com/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.wchm.org.au/social-determinants-model-of-health (accessed on 26/10/2015) Differences of the Social and Medical Model of Health http://images.slideplayer.com/11/3201900/slides/slide_8.jpg The table above shows the differences between the medical and social model of health. The first point written for the medical model of health is that it has a â€Å"narrow or simplistic understanding of health.†This would suggest that the medical model of health is not reliable because it lacks detail and therefore it is vague. The words ‘narrow’ and ‘simplistic’ is associated with imprecise and unclear. Furthermore, advocating that the medical model of health is not dependable. The second point made for the social model of health is â€Å"broad or complex understanding of health.†This is automatically different from what was stated by the medical model of health because the social model is claimed to be in more detail. The words ‘board’ and ‘complex’ is associated with profundity and detailed. Another point of medical model of health is that the model is a â€Å"biased definition focusing on the absence of disease or disability.†This means that the definition of the medical model is disregarding disability. People who are disabled are seen as the cause of the disability. They are blamed and are not valued for their abilities. However, the social model of health is more holistic and looks at the overview picture of the situation by taking a wide range of factors into account for why a person is disabled. The social model of health does not blame the person for being disabled. The third point is that the medical model of health does not take in account the wider factors that can affect a person’s health. This is because the medical model of health focuses on the physical factors rather than social, environmental or economic. This differs from the social model of health because the social model focuses all the factors. It looks into the environmental, physical, social and economic factors that can have an impact on a person’s health. The social model of health also looks into the impact of inequalities, which is mentioned in the table above. The last point is that the social model of health takes account to knowledge and understanding. This means that the social model of health is more focused on the community as the cause of the individual having the health problem and therefore, would consider the knowledge and understanding the individual had learnt from their community. However, the medical model of health is highly influenced by scientific and expert knowledge. This means that the medical model of health only focuses on how to treat a person that has a health problem, rather than the cause of the health problem. The person would first have to be ill in order for the doctor to treat them. http://slideplayer.com/slide/3201900/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) https://www.youngmindsadvocacy.org/in-plain-english-epsdt/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) The Medical Model of Health is parallel to Machines The medical model of health views people as machines; the various body systems are seen as systems which can be repaired, replaced and tampered. For example; if a person was to feel ill, they would make an appointment to see their doctor. Then the doctor would provide some medication or treatment options, such as operations. The diagram below is a parallel between machines and the medical model of health. This is because medical model of health sees the cause of diseases by bacteria, virus or genetic factors. It does not include other factors, such as social or emotional. Due to the person being seen as a machine, other aspects, such as unemployment are also not considered. This can lead to health care practitioners dealing with illnesses and ill health rather than promoting good health. http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/documents/image/ucm271241.jpg http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/HumanFactors/ucm124829.htm (accessed on 26/10/2015) Failure to Conform to Health Advice Addiction can make it difficult for a person to withdraw from medication that was prescribed to them. This can be because the person had become dependent on the medication. This would result on failure to conform to health advice because the service user would take an excessive amount, they would abuse the medication. Addiction can be linked to the medical model of health because the service user’s illness would not be treated by the healthcare organisation due to the service user consuming too much of their medication. This would mean that the medication that is produced would not be effective. This is because the service user is taking an excessive amount, which would mean poor health and long-term health problems. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Addictions/Pages/Introduction.aspx (accessed on 26/10/2015) https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/addiction (accessed on 26/10/2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction_medicine (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.asam.org/for-the-public/what-is-an-addiction-specialist (accessed on 26/10/2015) However, addiction can be linked to the social model of health because society has expectation and does not tolerate addiction. This is because society has norms and values. If a person was not following the norms of society, they would be socially excluded. Addiction is viewed as a social problem by many people. Majority of people believe that drug abusers can willingly stop taking drugs. These people often miscalculate the difficulty of drug addiction. Addiction has an impact on the brain, and therefore stopping drug abuse is not simply a matter of willpower. The social model of health views the individuals and communities as the consequence of complex and interrelating problem. Therefore, the person who is having a problem with addiction can be a result of the community and rather, than the medical health organisation. The community is the cause for the person not following health advice. http://archives.drugabuse.gov/about/welcome/aboutdrugabuse/magnitude/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.medic8.com/drug-addiction/social-effects.html (accessed on 26/10/2015) https://lifeprocessprogram.com/lp-blog/library/addiction-is-a-social-disease/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) Fear can make an individual afraid of the affect and changes that the medication might have on their body. If there is more side effect on the medication, it can make a person being cautious when taking the medication. This can result on the individual not taking the right amount of medication that was advised by a health and social care practitioner because they are more likely to take smaller amount. Fear can be related to the medical model of health because the health and social care practitioner would be prescribing the service user medication that can provoke a sense of fear. This is because the medical model of health views people as machines; the various body systems are seen as systems, which can be repaired, replaced and tampered. This can cause a person to be more scared if the health and social care practitioner is advising them medication or treatment options that has more side-affects. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/08/ignore-doctor-advice_n_1262643.html (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1529171.stm (accessed on 26/10/2015) Peer pressure is another example of why a person would fail to conform to health advice. This is because the person would want to fit in with friends and therefore, might refuse to take their medication when they are around their friends. If a health and social care practitioner had advised the person to take their medication in a certain time, such as after eating meals. It can be a problem to some people because they don’t want to seem weak to their peers. This is a social problem and therefore, relates to the social model of health. Peer pressure relates to the social model of health because it is the community that is causing the person to not follow medical advice. https://healthbugs.wordpress.com/2012/04/06/why-dont-we-follow-medical-and-health-advice/ (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_do_people_not_conform_to_health_advice (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://www.faqs.org/health/topics/76/Peer-pressure.html (accessed on 26/10/2015) There are finical problems that can prevent someone to conform to health advice. The cost of the medication might be expensive for some service users. If the health and social care practitioner advices the service user to buy a certain medication every one or two months, it can result on a finical barrier. This is because they won’t be able to afford the medication and therefore, would not follow health advice. This would lead to future health problems. Finical problems is related to the medical model of health because the medical model of health focuses on repairing the person. If the person can’t afford the medication then they are more likely to fail to not follow the advice of the health and social care practitioner. I’ve mentioned that the medical model of health is focused on the person having the illness or disease and therefore, would not help to prevent the disease. This would be problematic for a person who cannot afford the medication or treatment, fur ther worsening their recovery. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/416786/Mental_Health_and_Behaviour_-_Information_and_Tools_for_Schools_240515.pdf (accessed on 26/10/2015) http://arma.org.uk/downloader/dws.pdf (accessed on 26/10/2015) If a person is in denial it can prevent them following health advice. It is hard to come to terms with health conditions. If a person was to go through a traumatic events, they are more likely to be in denial. A traumatic event can be serious accidents, life-threatening illnesses, and bereavement, experiencing a crime or war. Due to the traumatic events the person can be withdrawn, which would lead to them not accepting their health condition. For example; if a person was informed that they had lung cancer; they may be unwilling to take their medication because of denial. When a person is in denial they feel frightened, helpless, angry, guilty, sad, ashamed and embarrassed. The person might feel that the cancer will happen again and then would eventually lose control and break down. This is a social problem because the person is not receiving care because of emotional factors. The medical model of health does not focus on the emotional factors, like the social model of health.
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